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SUMMARY:Probing forward hadron production in proton-air interactions at 
 √s ~ 100 TeV using data from the Pierre Auger Observatory
DTSTART:20261103T100000Z
DTEND:20261103T120000Z
DTSTAMP:20261030T002100Z
UID:indico-event-1782@indico.ifj.edu.pl
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Miguel Martins (Institute of Physics of the Czech Ac
 ademy of Sciences (FZU))\n\n\nUltra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) prov
 ide a unique opportunity to probe hadronic interactions at center-of-mass 
 energies around 100 TeV.  Their interactions with the atmosphere initiate
  extensive air showers\, which are driven by particle production in the fo
 rward kinematic region of hadron-nucleus collisions. The lack of an ab ini
 tio description of these interactions makes air-shower simulations reliant
  on phenomenological hadronic interaction models\, which must extrapolate 
 accelerator measurements into poorly constrained regions of energy–momen
 tum phase space. These uncertainties contribute to longstanding tensions b
 etween air-shower observations and model predictions\, most notably the so
 -called Muon Puzzle.\nIn this seminar\, I will present a nearly universal 
 relation between the average depth of shower maximum\, ⟨Xmax⟩\, and mo
 ments of the secondary-particle energy distributions in the first proton
 –air interaction\, which persists despite substantial differences betwee
 n hadronic interaction models. I will show how this universality allows us
  to interpret recent ⟨Xmax⟩ measurements from the Pierre Auger Observa
 tory\, the world's largest cosmic-ray observatory\, in terms of a larger f
 raction of energy retained in hadronically interacting particles and a shi
 ft in hadronic energy flow towards higher rapidities. This interpretation 
 is also consistent with the Muon Puzzle.\n\n\nhttps://indico.ifj.edu.pl/ev
 ent/1782/
URL:https://indico.ifj.edu.pl/event/1782/
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